UK law property management practice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

UK law property the board practice - Essay Example Thought of elective market leases, general and explicit situational focal points and disservices examination of such elective types of leases in the market A rent in UK law relates to the allowing of selectiveness in land ownership for a term that is very much characterized and for a term that is shorter than that for which the grantor of the rent has oneself has lawful land ownership. As the definition suggests, there are three perspectives to the rent. The first has to do with the selectiveness of the ownership. The second has to do with the fixed idea of the rent regarding time. The third is that the term of the rent must be shorter than the legitimate opportunity to which the grantor of the rent has ownership of the land (In Brief 2013). Making a stride back, the Crown in principle has responsibility for land in the UK, and that different people as a rule hold either a rent on the land, or, in all likelihood has a freehold relationship with the land, which is the most grounded ty pe of land proprietorship under UK law, outside of the Crown’s supreme responsibility for land (In Brief 2013b). ... he leaseholder in this sense turns into an occupant too in the meaning of the law, implying that inside the details of a lawfully restricting lease understanding, the inhabitant is the perceived land proprietor under the law. In this sense, as proprietor of the land, he can lawfully utilize the land as different proprietors of the land do, with the proviso that those utilizations for which the land is utilized by the proprietor is inside the limits of the prerequisites set out by rules. Then again, rights expand just so far as the proprietor of the rent has the option to involve the land totally, until the leaseholder doesn't satisfy the legally binding commitments, for example, in cases when the leaseholder neglects to follow through on lease installments. Outside of this, the grantor of the rent can't end the rent before the date of lapse or the finish of the time of tenure, aside from with the serving of a notification carefully managed by fixed and determined conditions. Then aga in, the institutional rent is supposed to be the foundation of business property law and the market for such rents in the UK. This is described by long terms, typically a fourth of a century, and is, as determined above, FRI type leases, implying that they are full fixing just as full safeguarding. Because of the trustworthiness and consistency of such rents, with the lease audits being done typically as well, at regular intervals for the rent term, these have gotten investible from the perspective of foundations, for example, benefits firms as talked about above. Here the profits are unsurprising and ensured partly, as long as the occupants follow through on their lease installments and their other related legally binding commitments to the land and property (Mleyshon n.d.). That the institutional rent has become the establishment of

Within Christianity Essays

Inside Christianity Essays Inside Christianity Essay Inside Christianity Essay Inside Christianity there are a wide scope of images which speak to what is accepted. Christian structures are themselves emblematic, just like the things within them. Essentially, Christians use shading and music for various events to represent various things. These parts of Christianity can be distinctive in size and style (present day or conventional) contingent upon which category is being represented.In terms of Christian structures, the engineering and configuration is regularly representative. There are three fundamental sorts of structures; houses of God, customary temples and free places of worship. Houses of God are normally huge and this shows their significance. They were generally worked at the focal point of the network to speak to Gods majesty on Earth. Inside houses of God and area temples, the special stepped area is the focal point of consideration as this is the place the principle demonstration of love happens. Methodist chapels frequently have littler raised area s than different categories. The platform is the place the expression of God is spoken and it very well may be looking like a bird which represents the spreading of Gods words. Customary houses of worship are frequently worked looking like a cross which speaks to the conciliatory passing of Jesus Christ.The enormous arch on the highest point of the congregation represents Christs nearness, time everlasting and the proximity of paradise. Inside, universal chapels are frequently lavishly brightened with carvings that speak to the life of Christ. Free places of worship, then again, are the place Baptist meet and these gatherings occur in basic lobbies where the platform is the focal point of consideration. The lectern is marginally raised which makes admirers turn upward to hear the expression of God, in this way representing the significance of lecturing from the book of scriptures. The textual style is for the most part close to the passageway of the congregation and represents indiv iduals entering the Christian confidence. It is the place individuals are sanctified through water with water and water represents the washing endlessly of unique sin just as purging and replenishing.Inside conventional houses of worship, there are regularly a scope of symbols, sculptures and recolored glass windows which are all emblematic. Symbols are compositions (generally of holy people) and are regularly welcomed by admirers with a kiss on entering the structure. They are utilized to speak to the nearness of holy people and as a way to supplicate. Inside huge houses of God and chapels, there are frequently vivid paintings or frescoes and delightful recolored glass windows delineating scriptural stories. For a considerable length of time the best work of driving specialists was made for places of worship all to offer to God the most noteworthy articulation of love (ie the craftsmen hard work) and to make a feeling of stunningness and miracle. Candles represent God making light on the main day and smoke which goes up to paradise. The ottoman represents regard and an unassuming way to deal with God through stooping. Birds are images of harmony, immaculateness and reconciliation.Similarly, Christians use shading and music for various events to represent various things. Yellow and gold speak to birth and delight and as such are related with Christmas, the virgin birth of Jesus Christ. At Christmas, the star represents direction which help us to remember the three insightful men. Dark speaks to death and is related with burial services. Red speaks to blood and at Holy Communion, bread and wine represent the body and blood of Christ. White is related immaculateness and alongside lilies and is related with weddings and Easter.Church music is likewise emblematic in Christianity as it is utilized to laud God and to communicate conviction. Mozart, Bach, Beethoven and comparative incredible writers composed music for venerate. Psalms have been a piece of Christian l ove for a long time and the words are regularly taken from entries of sacred text. In protestant places of worship, ensembles have a significant job in offering authority to singing. In Christianity, there are a wide range of sorts of instruments that are utilized in love structure organs to metal instruments and guitars. The music utilized in Christian love can be grave and stately or uproarious and vivacious relying on the kind of chapel and the event. The kind of instrument and disposition of music is frequently emblematic of festivity or sadness.Symbolism has an imperative influence in strict articulation. Christian convictions are generally communicated through love in custom structure (for instance absolution) and that is likewise a sort of imagery. In Christianity, ICTHUS is an old image, it represents Jesus (I), Christ(C), Gold (H), Son (TH), Savior (US). Similarly,Alpha Omega represents Jesus being everlasting and helps Christians to remember Jesus nearness toward the very beginning.

Essay Topics For Technology - How to Choose Top-Notch Essays on Technology

Essay Topics For Technology - How to Choose Top-Notch Essays on TechnologyHaving the right essay topics for technology in school can help you reach your objectives faster. There are many times when I hear students complaining that they do not know what to write about in their essays.I was once faced with this same problem myself. It was frustrating, because I knew that many people were facing the same problem. This is especially true for students who are trying to get into top colleges.They have several majors essays to write, but they do not know how to choose a topic that is right for them. Once I solved the problem of this type of essay topics for technology, it was simple to understand how to help others. This guide will show you how to choose topics to help you succeed in your career as well.First of all, one should realize that not all essay topics for technology should be about the particular aspect of the technology itself. You should be able to broaden your choices as much a s possible. If your mother knows more about computers than you do, you should not write about computer technology alone. You should write about different facets of technology if possible.The reason why is because writing about technology is just another part of the whole essay. It is just like adding several other parts to make a whole. If you add technology and a particular aspect to your essay, then you have two important pieces of information to compose your thesis on.By broadening your possibilities you will also ensure that you are not writing the same possible topic repeatedly. It is a bit hard to follow the same pattern of writing if you have many different types of subjects to write about. Besides, broadening your choice of topics also keeps you away from being bored easily.Before you can begin researching for a great topic for your essay, it is best that you understand the basics of how to research. Once you know how to do it, then you can easily answer questions that peopl e have. This will ensure that you are not distracted while doing the research, which will cause you to write poorly and get your essay topics for technology wrong.So in conclusion, I will now give you an easier way to do the research yourself. You will learn all the basic information in this article so that you can improve your essay's in no time.

Summary Bolivian Penury - 1946 Words

Bolivian Penury Not unlike many of the Southern American countries which were colonized by Spanish conquistadors, Bolivia was imperialized by spaniards in the 16th century through the defeat of the Incan Empire. The native population of Bolivia was thrust immediately into poverty and slavery, though they avoided the major devastation of European disease which ravaged through other native settlements which had been imperialized. Spaniards put slaves to work mining and â€Å"By the end of the 17th century, the mineral wealth had begun to dry up.† (Infoplease) Bolivia gained its independence in 1825 and suffered from much turmoil within and without its borders. It lost much land to outside forces, and political instability, as is common among recently independent countries, contributed to a loss of diminishing wealth. The country currently sits on the second largest natural gas deposit in the world, and also contains much oil, but due to lack of capitalism in the country, it has yet to draw upon this large advantage. Currently, â€Å"the country ranks 108th out of 187 countries on the United Nations Development Programme’s Human Development Index† (IFAD) About 60% of Bolivians are impoverished, and most of this poverty is among the indigenous population. The country suffers such poverty due to: Lack of capitalism, lack of rural roads or forms of easy transportation, limited access to institutions such as schools and hospitals. There are several solutions to the problems present in

Environmental Destruction in Southeast Asia due to Golf...

Environmental Destruction in Southeast Asia due to Golf Course Development The sport of golf has come a long way since it was first played on the wind blown pasture lands of Scotland over 600 years ago. Today, golf courses around the world are in a way their own small ecosystem, where only pieces of the natural environment are a part of these artificial landscapes. Courses are meticulously groomed for both championship and tourist play. The game is taking front stage all over the world and new courses are being constructed everyday. This may be great for the game of golf and the wealthy investor who is making millions off of these luscious green fairways, but what about the drawbacks to environmental degradation that it is causing?†¦show more content†¦The rising prices of green fees, club memberships, and a lack of land to build on in their own country have sent the Japanese to countries such as Thailand, Malaysia, and Indonesia to satisfy their golfing needs. It has become more economically feasible for people to golf in these neighboring countri es than in their own. Golf courses in these countries also provide caddying services and other amenities that are hard to come by anywhere else in the world. At some courses in Thailand each player has up to 4 different caddies(site). The caddies carry the player’s bag, clean their equipment, provide players with snacks and beverages and even prostitution in some cases. New golf resorts have rapidly developed throughout the region and are now attracting Western tourists and investors to profit from these new resorts. Organizations such as the Tourism Authority of Thailand (TAT) are welcoming these outsiders with open arms and are failing to pay attention to the environmental and social impacts that this new development is bringing about. Water Usage and Contamination In the countries of Southeast Asia clean water is a rather precious resource and water shortages are common. As elsewhere in the world, it is needed for agriculture, drinking and other daily tasks by the people of villages and towns throughout these countries.Show MoreRelatedInternational Management67196 Words   |  269 PagesEast and Africa and continuing tensions in Iran, North Korea, Iraq, and Afghanistan, especially as the U.S. role in these latter two countries evolves. On the economic front, failure to conclude important trade agreements, including the so-called â€Å"Development† Round of multilateral trade negotiations under the World Trade Organization, and the lagging support for some bilateral trade agreements pose additional challenges to global managers and multinational companies. In addition, the BP oil spill inRead MoreMarketing Communications Notes17720 Words   |  71 PagesPlease note that in this course, unless otherwise indicated, ‘productâ⠂¬â„¢ and ‘product category’ should be interpreted as ‘product/service’ and ‘product/service category’. 2 MKT B366 Marketing Communications Objectives By the end of Unit 1, you should be able to: 1 Illustrate the communication process, using a diagram, and apply it in a given marketing situation. Define integrated marketing communications, and discuss how it applies specifically to the development of promotional strategiesRead MoreStrategic Marketing Management337596 Words   |  1351 Pages153 159 165 167 169 169 170 174 182 188 192 202 214 215 221 223 223 230 236 241 246 248 250 251 255 261 4 Market and environmental analysis 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.9 4.10 Learning objectives Introduction: the changing business environment (or the new marketing reality) Analysing the environment The nature of the marketing environment The evolution of environmental analysis The political, economic, social and technological environments Coming to terms with the industry and market breakpointsRead MoreCase Studies67624 Words   |  271 PagesC-157 CASE 11 Philip Morris C-173 CASE 12 Pisces Group of Singapore C-188 CASE 13 Raffles, Singapore’s historic hotel C-194 CASE 14 Southwest Airlines, 1996 C-205 Introduction Preparing an effective case analysis In most strategic management courses, cases are used extensively as a teaching tool.1 A key reason is that cases provide active learners with opportunities to use the strategic management process to identify and solve organisational problems. Thus, by analysing situations that are describedRead MoreMarketing Mistakes and Successes175322 Words   |  702 Pagesseven that were deleted from the previous edition. Some of the cases are so current we continued updating until the manuscript left for the production process. We have tried to keep all cases as current as possible by using Postscripts, Later Developments, and Updates. A number of you have asked that I identify which cases would be appropriate for the traditional coverage of topics as organized in typical marketing texts. 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The Yellow Wallpaper - 770 Words

nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Vintage short stories are meant to entertain their readers. However, many passive readers miss the true entertainment that lies within the story in the hidden context. Most short stories have, embedded in the writing, a lesson or theme attached to them. In the short story â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper,† Gilman demonstrates a woman who has suffered from repression and longs for the freedom from her controlling husband. Gender conflicts play a major role throughout this story. The author portrays these kinds of conflicts through the three main characters, John, Jennie and the narrator. The theme of this story is a womans fall into insanity resulting from isolation from treatment of post-partum depression. Gilman is†¦show more content†¦However, as the story continues, the woman’s attitude changes toward the wallpaper. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Through given belittling comments, often disguised as cute nick-names, John was able to settle any doubts, yet maintain his suppression over her. Such examples are â€Å"Bless her little heart! She shall be as sick as she pleases! And talk about it in the morning!† Unfortunately, because she was so depressed and vulnerable John was easily able to dominate and suppress her. Also, throughout the story John would commonly mistake her kindness for weakness and in coalition, abuse her trust. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Since the narrator is limited to the same room day after day, she starts to study the wallpaper. quot;I determine for the thousandth time that I will follow that pointless pattern to some sort of conclusion.quot; She refers to the pattern as the control that men had over women. During that time, a woman was the property of her father until she was married. She was then under the control of her husband with no rights. Her husband made her decisions and basically took over her life. As time goes on, her mental illness gets worse. She starts to get paranoid about her husband and Jennie. quot;The fact is, I am getting a little afraid of John. He seems very queer sometimes and even Jennie has an inexplicable look.quot; In her mind she starts to actually see the woman from theShow MoreRelatedThe Yellow Wallpaper829 Words   |  4 Pages The Yellow Wallpaper Charlotte Perkins Gilmans The Yellow Wallpaper first appeared in 1892 and became a notary piece of literature for it s historical and influential context. Gilmans The Yellow Wallpaper was a first hand account of the oppression faced toward females and the mentally ill,whom were both shunned in society in the late 1890s. It is the story of an unnamed woman confined by her doctor-husband to an attic nursery with barred windows and a bolted down bed. Forbidden to writeRead More The yellow wallpaper619 Words   |  3 Pages nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The plot of â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† comes from a moderation of Charlotte Perkins Gilman’s personal experience. In 1887, just two years after the birth of her first child, Dr. Silas Weir Mitchell diagnosed Gilman with neurasthenia, an emotional disorder characterized by fatigue and depression. Mitchell decided that the best prescription would be a â€Å"rest cure†. Mitchell encouraged Gilman to â€Å"Live a domestic l ife as far as possible,† to â€Å"have two hours’ intellectual lifeRead MoreYellow Wallpaper1095 Words   |  5 Pagesand treatments played in reinforcing the prevailing, male-dominant gender roles through the subversion, manipulation and degrading of female experience through the use of medical treatments and power structures. Charlotte Perkins Gilman’s â€Å" The Yellow Wallpaper† is a perfect example of these themes. In writing this story, Charlotte Perkins Gilman drew upon her own personal experiences with hysteria. The adoption of the sick-role was a product of-and a reaction against gender norms and all of the pressuresRead MoreYellow Wallpaper1673 Words   |  7 PagesSvetlana Kryzhanovskaya Prof. Grajeda ENC 3014-MidTerm Paper March 12, 2012 Structuralism amp; Feminist Theory ‘The Yellow Wallpaper’ written by Charlotte Gilman can be affectively analyzed from two schools of thought structuralism and feminist theory. Though structuralists’ deny the work of literature any connection to its author (it must be what it is, no underlying meaning) feminist theory must first and foremost be understood in its historical framework. By the turn of the century,Read MoreThe Yellow Wallpaper3202 Words   |  13 PagesEnglish 1302 22 November 2011 Main Character’s Outsider Theme In Charlotte Perkins Gilman’s â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper†, the narrator, Jane, is struggling to deal with her depression that she is suffering in a confined room that her husband, John put her in. John believes that this will cure Jane and make her better from her depression. Instead, Jane is slowly losing herself within the yellow wallpaper in the room causing her to become insane. Jane is not able to express her feelings with her husbandRead MoreThe Yellow Wallpaper1362 Words   |  6 Pages â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† Charlotte Perkins Gilman â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† written by Charlotte Perkins Gilman is gothic psychological short story written in journal-style with first-person narrative. Other elements used in the story are symbols, irony, foreshadowing, and imagery. â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper is about a woman who suffers from postpartum depression. Her husband, a physician, puts her on â€Å"rest cure of quiet and solitude.† (Wilson 278). This cure consisted of the narrator being confinedRead MoreThe Yellow Wallpaper1844 Words   |  8 PagesSarah Kreeger EngWr 301 Professor Bradford 21 July 2013 Short Story Analysis The Yellow Wallpaper: The Power of Society’s Views On the Care of Mental Patients â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† by Charlotte Perkins Gilman takes the form of journal entries of a woman undergoing treatment for postpartum depression. Her form of treatment is the â€Å"resting cure,† in which a person is isolated and put on bed rest. Her only social interaction is with her sister-in-law Jennie and her husband, John, who is alsoRead More The Yellow Wallpaper1466 Words   |  6 Pagesfeminist socialist and a realist novelist capture moments that make their readers rethink life and the world surrounding. Gilman’s â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† was first published in 1892, about a white middle-class woman who was confined to an upstairs room by her husband and doctor, the room’s wallpaper imprisons her and as well as liberates herself when she tears the wallpaper off at the end of the story. On the other hand, Crane’s 1893 Maggie: A Girl of the Streets is the realist account of a New York girlRead MoreThe Yellow Wallpaper961 Word s   |  4 Pages The Yellow Paper is a symbolic story written by Charlotte Perkins Gilman. It is a disheartening tale of a woman struggling to free herself from postpartum depression. This story gives an account of an emotionally and intellectual deteriorated woman who is a wife and a mother who is struggling to break free from her metal prison and find peace. The post-partum depression forced her to look for a neurologist doctor who gives a rest cure. She was supposed to have a strict bed rest. The woman livedRead Moreyellow wallpaper1165 Words   |  5 PagesIn the short story â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper†, Charlotte Perkins Gilman, talks about a woman who is newly married and is a mother who is in depression. â€Å"The Yellow Wall-Paper† is written as the secret journal of a woman who, failing to relish the joys of marriage and motherhood, is sentenced to a country rest cure. Though she longs to write, her husband - doctor forbid it. The narrator feels trapped by both her husband and surroundings. The woman she sees behind the wallpaper is a symbol of herself and

Costs and Learning Objective free essay sample

What is the weeks economic profit for the Do Drop In? A. -$320. B. -$40. C. $280. D. $320. E. $1,050. 8. Which of the following statements about the marginal product of labour is correct? A. It may either rise or fall as more labour is used. B. It always rises as more labour is used. C. It always falls as more labour is used. D. There is no relationship between marginal product and labour. 9. What causes marginal cost to increase? A. The advantages of the division of labour. B. The fact that ATC increases. C. Raising marginal product. D. The law of diminishing returns. 0. Which of the following statements regarding average fixed costs is correct? A. They are constant since fixed costs are fixed. B. They are equal to average variable cost less average total cost. C. When graphed, they are a horizontal line. D. When graphed, they are a straight line which comes out of the origin. E. They fall continuously as output increases. 11. Which of the following is a variable cost? A. The leasehold cost of a building. B. Insurance on the factorys physical plant. C. Raw materials. D. The cost of a marketing research report. 12. What is the sum of total variable costs and total fixed costs? A. It is equal to the sum of average product and marginal product. B. It is the sum of all marginal costs. C. It is total cost. D. It is AVC times the quantity of output. 13. Can a firm earn an economic loss and an accounting profit at the same time? Explain. 14. What is meant by the term economic capacity? A. An output level where the firm is physically unable to increase output. B. The output level where average variable cost is at a minimum. C. The output level where average total cost is at a minimum. D. Total fixed costs are at a minimum. 5. Which of the following statements is correct if a firms capacity output increases from 300 to 600 and its total costs rise from $40,000 to $78,000? A. The firm is experiencing constant returns to scale. B. The firm is experiencing decreasing returns to scale. C. The firm is experiencing increasing returns to scale. D. The firms long-run average cost must have decreased but its sh ort-run average cost could have either decreased or increased. 16. The existence of both economies of scale and diseconomies of scale would have what effect on the LRAC curve? A. It would make it upward-sloping. B. It would make it downward-sloping. C. It would give it an inverse U shape. D. It would give it a U shape. E. It would make it horizontal. 17. All of the following, except one, are examples of pecuniary economies of scale. Which is the exception? A. A lower interest rate paid on money borrowed. B. The ability to sell the by-products of production. C. The ability to use specialized inputs such as a robotics assembly line. D. The ability to obtain lower prices by buying in bulk. 18. What is the shape of the LRAC curve for a firm enjoying diseconomies of scale? 19. Which of the following refers to the perfectly competitive firm? A. It is a price-maker. B. It is a price-taker. C. It might be either a price-maker or a price-taker. D. It is neither a price-maker nor a price-taker. 20. What is the term for the extra revenue derived from the sale of one more unit? A. Average revenue. B. Marginal revenue. C. Net revenue. D. Total revenue. 21. What is average revenue? A. The price multiplied by the quantity sold. B. The total revenue divided by the price. C. The extra revenue derived from the sale of one more unit. D. It is equal to the price in perfectly competitive markets. 22. What is break-even output? A. The output at which the total revenue just covers a firms total fixed cost. B. The output at which the total revenue just covers a firms total variable cost. C. The output at which the total revenue just covers a firms fixed and variable costs including normal profits. D. The output at which the firm is making zero normal profits. 23. Which of the following is the correct sequence of events following a decrease in demand for a product in a perfectly competitive market? A. A decrease in the price and in the total profits of the representative firm which causes new firms to enter the industry. B. A decrease in the price and in the total profits of the representative firm which causes firms to leave the industry. C. A decrease in the price but an increase in the total profits of the representative firm which causes new firms to enter the industry. D. An increase in the price but a decrease in the total profits of the representative firm which causes firms to leave the industry. 24. How is average revenue defined? A. It is the extra revenue derived from the sale of one more unit. B. It is the total revenue divided by the number of units sold. C. It is marginal revenue divided by the number of units sold. D. It is the sum of the marginal revenue of all units sold. 25. Which of the following markets provide the best example of a perfect competition? A. Automobile manufacturing. B. Restaurants. C. Oil refining. D. Wheat farming. 26. Explain why a perfectly competitive firm faces a horizontal demand curve? 27. Explain why average revenue is equal to marginal revenue for a perfectly competitive firm? 28. The supply curve for a perfectly competitive firm is that portion of its marginal cost curve that lies above its average variable cost curve. Explain why? Micro Review Quiz Test 2 Key 1. (p. 143)Â  When is marginal utility equal to zero? To see why this is the case, think about each purchase individually, and pick the item that will give you the highest MU/P. Reasoning in this way, you would make the following decisions: First dollar spent on a taco Second through fourth dollars spent on one taco and one burrito Fifth dollar spent on a taco Sixth and seventh dollars spent on a burrito Eighth through tenth dollars spent on one taco and one burrito After this allocation, the MU/P for each item is the same (and equal to 4). Difficulty: Difficult Learning Objective: 05-02 Derive a consumers purchasing rule that ensures satisfaction is maximized. Sayre Chapter 05 #130 Source: Text Topic: Optimal Purchasing Rule Type: Computation Type: Pickup Below are some financial data for the Do Drop In convenience store. The owners have put $40,000 into the business and they worked a total of 80 hours during the week. Savings accounts are currently paying 5. 2% interest and the going wage rate is $8 per hour. Sayre Chapter 06 7. (p. 182)Â  Refer to the information above to answer this question. What is the weeks economic profit for the Do Drop In? A. -$320. B. -$40. C. $280. D. $320. E. $1,050. Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective: 06-01 Understand how and why economists measure costs differently from how accountants do and distinguish between the accountants and economists views of profits. Sayre Chapter 06 #10 Source: Text Topic: Explicit and Implicit Costs Type: Computation Type: Pickup 8. (p. 185)Â  Which of the following statements about the marginal product of labour is correct? A. It may either rise or fall as more labour is used. B. It always rises as more labour is used. C. It always falls as more labour is used. D. There is no relationship between marginal product and labour. Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective: 06-02 Understand the crucial relationship between productivity and costs. Sayre Chapter 06 #23 Source: Text Topic: Theory of Production Type: Comprehension Type: Pickup 9. (p. 194)Â  What causes marginal cost to increase? A. The advantages of the division of labour. B. The fact that ATC increases. C. Raising marginal product. D. The law of diminishing returns. Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective: 06-04 List and graph the seven specific cost definitions used by economists. Sayre Chapter 06 #75 Source: Text Topic: Total Costs and Average Total Costs Type: Comprehension Type: Pickup 10. (p. 193)Â  Which of the following statements regarding average fixed costs is correct? A. They are constant since fixed costs are fixed. B. They are equal to average variable cost less average total cost. C. When graphed, they are a horizontal line. D. When graphed, they are a straight line which comes out of the origin. E. They fall continuously as output increases. Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective: 06-04 List and graph the seven specific cost definitions used by economists. Sayre Chapter 06 #84 Source: Text Topic: Total Costs and Average Total Costs Type: Comprehension Type: Pickup 11. (p. 190)Â  Which of the following is a variable cost? A. The leasehold cost of a building. B. Insurance on the factorys physical plant. C. Raw materials. D. The cost of a marketing research report. Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective: 06-03 Understand the important difference between fixed costs and variable costs. Sayre Chapter 06 #86 Source: Text Topic: Marginal and Variable Costs Type: Computation Type: Pickup 12. (p. 202)Â  What is the sum of total variable costs and total fixed costs? A. It is equal to the sum of average product and marginal product. B. It is the sum of all marginal costs. C. It is total cost. D. It is AVC times the quantity of output. Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective: 06-04 List and graph the seven specific cost definitions used by economists. Sayre Chapter 06 #119 Source: Study Guide Topic: Total Costs and Average Total Costs Type: Definition Type: Pickup 13. (p. 182-183)Â  Can a firm earn an economic loss and an accounting profit at the same time? Explain. Accounting profit is equal to total revenue less explicit cost and economic profits is equal to total revenue less implicit cost and explicit cost. Suppose the firm is earning an accounting profit. If implicit cost is greater than accounting profit, there will be an economic loss. Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective: 06-05 Explain the meaning of increasing productivity and cutting costs. Sayre Chapter 06 #158 Source: Text Topic: Explicit and Implicit Costs Type: Comprehension Type: Pickup 14. (p. 210)Â  What is meant by the term economic capacity? A. An output level where the firm is physically unable to increase output. B. The output level where average variable cost is at a minimum. C. The output level where average total cost is at a minimum. D. Total fixed costs are at a minimum. Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective: 07-02 Understand why medium-sized firms are sometimes just as efficient as big firms. Sayre Chapter 07 #3 Source: Text Topic: Constant Returns to Scale Type: Definition Type: Pickup 15. (p. 213)Â  Which of the following statements is correct if a firms capacity output increases from 300 to 600 and its total costs rise from $40,000 to $78,000? A. The firm is experiencing constant returns to scale. B. The firm is experiencing decreasing returns to scale. C. The firm is experiencing increasing returns to scale. D. The firms long-run average cost must have decreased but its short-run average cost could have either decreased or increased. Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective: 07-03 Understand why big firms sometimes enjoy great cost advantages. Sayre Chapter 07 #17 Source: Text Topic: Economies of Scale Type: Definition Type: Pickup 16. (p. 218)Â  The existence of both economies of scale and diseconomies of scale would have what effect on the LRAC curve? A. It would make it upward-sloping. B. It would make it downward-sloping. C. It would give it an inverse U shape. D. It would give it a U shape. E. It would make it horizontal. Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective: 07-06 Explain what is meant by the right size of firm. Sayre Chapter 07 #46 Source: Text Topic: What is the Right Size of Firm? Type: Comprehension Type: Pickup 17. (p. 224)Â  All of the following, except one, are examples of pecuniary economies of scale. Which is the exception? A. A lower interest rate paid on money borrowed. B. The ability to sell the by-products of production. C. The ability to use specialized inputs such as a robotics assembly line. D. The ability to obtain lower prices by buying in bulk. Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective: 07-03 Understand why big firms sometimes enjoy great cost advantages. Sayre Chapter 07 #75 Source: Study Guide Topic: Economies of Scale Type: Comprehension Type: Pickup 18. (p. 215)Â  What is the shape of the LRAC curve for a firm enjoying diseconomies of scale? The long-run average cost curve is upward-sloping when the firm is experiencing diseconomies of scale; an increase in output will lead to an increase in the average cost. Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective: 07-04 Understand why firms can sometimes be too big. Sayre Chapter 07 #120 Source: Text Topic: Why Firms can be too Big Type: Comprehension Type: Pickup 19. (p. 232)Â  Which of the following refers to the perfectly competitive firm? A. It is a price-maker. B. It is a price-taker. C. It might be either a price-maker or a price-taker. D. It is neither a price-maker nor a price-taker. Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective: 08-02 Explain what is meant by perfect competition and the market system. Sayre Chapter 08 #6 Source: Text Topic: Perfect Competition and the Market System Type: Definition Type: Pickup 20. (p. 239)Â  What is the term for the extra revenue derived from the sale of one more unit? A. Average revenue. B. Marginal revenue. C. Net revenue. D. Total revenue. Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective: 08-03 Use two approaches to explain how a firm might maximize its profits. Sayre Chapter 08 #12 Source: Text Topic: The Competitive Industry and Firm Type: Definition Type: Pickup 21. (p. 238)Â  What is average revenue? A. The price multiplied by the quantity sold. B. The total revenue divided by the price. C. The extra revenue derived from the sale of one more unit. D. It is equal to the price in perfectly competitive markets. Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective: 08-03 Use two approaches to explain how a firm might maximize its profits. Sayre Chapter 08 #13 Source: Text Topic: The Competitive Industry and Firm Type: Definition Type: Pickup 22. (p. 239)Â  What is break-even output? A. The output at which the total revenue just covers a firms total fixed cost. B. The output at which the total revenue just covers a firms total variable cost. C. The output at which the total revenue just covers a firms fixed and variable costs including normal profits. D. The output at which the firm is making zero normal profits. Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective: 08-03 Use two approaches to explain how a firm might maximize its profits. Sayre Chapter 08 #26 Source: Text Topic: The Competitive Industry and Firm Type: Definition Type: Pickup 23. (p. 254)Â  Which of the following is the correct sequence of events following a decrease in demand for a product in a perfectly competitive market? A. A decrease in the price and in the total profits of the representative firm which causes new firms to enter the industry. B. A decrease in the price and in the total profits of the representative firm which causes firms to leave the industry. C. A decrease in the price but an increase in the total profits of the representative firm which causes new firms to enter the industry. D. An increase in the price but a decrease in the total profits of the representative firm which causes firms to leave the industry. Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective: 08-06 Explain the effect of a change in market demand or market supply on both the industry and the firm. Sayre Chapter 08 #100 Source: Text Topic: The Industry Demand and Supply Type: Comprehension Type: Pickup 24. (p. 260)Â  How is average revenue defined? A. It is the extra revenue derived from the sale of one more unit. B. It is the total revenue divided by the number of units sold. C. It is marginal revenue divided by the number of units sold.

This Boys Life by Tobbias Wolff Essay Example For Students

This Boys Life by Tobbias Wolff Essay This Boy’s Life, a memoir by Tobbias Wolff, is a story about a young boy named Toby struggling through life because his parents were divorced. Living with his mother Rosemary, who wasn’t able to provide him with proper upbringing on her own. Toby owned a gun that his mothers partner named Roy, had given to him. Toby would look out of his bedroom window and point the gun at animals and innocent people walking by. He had this urge inside of him to shoot at people. One day, he was distracted by the sound of his mother opening his door which prevented him from lmost shooting at a Nun. We will write a custom essay on This Boys Life by Tobbias Wolff specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now This scene reminds me of a scene in the movie â€Å"American Beauty†, Jack, who lacked communication with his parents, felt ignored and unimportant. The lack of communication with his parents made him feel useless, which led him to become frustrated and angry. He was trying to find any violent way to release his anger, by offering to rid his girlfriend of her father by offering to kill him. As time went by, Rosemary started dating a man named Dwight. They dated eachother for a couple of months and he eventually asked for her hand in marriage. She considered asking her son for support. He gave her the encouragement but in reality he was very skeptical about the whole idea and he encouraged her in order to protect her feelings. During their marriage, they didn’t seem happy. Dwight was a bad tempered man. After a long day at work, he would bring all his stress and tension that was bottled up inside of him and realease all that anger on 13 year old Toby. Toby was an easy target because of the fact that his mother doesn’t come to his defense. This led to behavioral problems with Toby. On weekends, Dwight would make Toby deliver newspapers, and he would keep every penny that Toby earned and worked so hard for. At school, Toby would get into many fights. When he would come home all bruised, Dwight would tell him stories about his young day when he used to beat up kids at school; This in a way encouraged Toby to keep fighting. This kind of influence that Dwight had on him led to a decline in Toby’s academic performance. Many adolescent teenagers in today’s society are murdering, selling drugs, carrying dangerous weapons and eventually getting arrested. We turn on our television sets and hear shocking news about two teenage boys in Littleton, Colorado, shooting, even killing their own classmates. It makes you wonder, who is responsible? Parents play a big role in their children’s lives. Children need attention, time and care. Many parents are to blame for their children’s actions. Communication plays also plays a big role in our lives. Communication needs to be taught by example. For example, asking your child how their day went, how their day at school was, what they ould like to talk about and what their aspirations are. Basically, being a good friend, listener and a role model. This is how you can open the doors of communication between you and your kid. That way, if the child is in trouble or needs your help, they’ll know who to turn to. When kids aren’t able to communicate, they become frustrated and they feel rebellious and do serious things that are harmful to their future, such as, doing poorly in school and thinking about committing violent crimes.

Diabetic Macular Edema Essays

Diabetic Macular Edema Essays Diabetic Macular Edema Essay Diabetic Macular Edema Essay Diabetic macular hydrops ( DME ) is considered to be one of the chief causes of vision decrease in people with diabetes. The chief purpose of the article is to prove if intravitreal Aristocort ( IVTA ) followed by optical maser intervention is an effectual intercession to command DME in comparing to laser intervention merely. Study design: Randomized, Double Blind, Prospective, placebo-controlled survey Population: 84 eyes of 54 patients with DME ( either type 1or 2 ) and who have with macular thickness more than 250 micrometers were included. Intervention: IVTA followed by optical maser ( intercession group ) VS optical maser intervention merely ( placebo group ) Primary Result: bettering Visual Acuity ( VA ) of 10 letters or more at 24 months. Apparatus/materials: an injection of 0.1 mg/ml on the twenty-four hours of the baseline was given to both groups but an empty syringe without a acerate leaf was used to mime the feeling of force per unit area on the oculus for placebo group. Data aggregation process: Patients with DME, aged over 18, ocular sharp-sightedness ( VA ) of 19-68 letters ( 6/12 6/120 ) and retinal thickness more than 250 micrometer were included in survey. Patients with uncontrolled glaucoma, glaucomatous ocular field defect, retinal optical maser intervention within 4 months, and intraocular surgery within 6 months, or any status impacting follow-up or certification were excluded from the survey Type of informations collected: every 3 months for 12 months VA, cardinal macular thickness ( CMT ) and intraocular force per unit area ( IOP ) were measured utilizing Goldman applanation tonometry, optical coherency imaging and tonometer severally. Consequences: At 24 months, betterment of 10 or more logMAR letters was seen patients with intercession group in comparing to placebo group. Study quality: Random allotment and allotment concealed: Eligible eyes were indiscriminately assigned to either intercession or placebo group, so that any possible bias/biases while choosing participants for survey is/are avoided. In order to avoid subjective bias the staff members who were involved in handling patients were non allowed to apportion patients to their groups. Patients were involved in the survey utilizing consecutive numbered, sealed opaque envelopes prepared from a list of computer-generated pseudorandom Numberss of variable block size. The allotment was concealed. Two groups of participants were formed and indiscriminately 42 eyes were assigned to interventionand42 were assigned to placebo group. Double masked survey: the survey was dual cloaked and therefore participants involved in survey were blind to type of intercession they were having. Because sometimes patient s consciousness about the intercession they are having could take to witting or unconscious prejudice subjective prejudice, hence has the ability to annul the consequences. The staff involved in intervention was blind to patient s group allotment in order to avoid observer bias. Because perceiver prejudice has menace to analyze s internal cogency. Therefore information about patient s group allotment was concealed in a filing cabinet of another clinical coordinator in the section who was non involved in survey at all. Adequate followups: All participants were reviewed at the same clip. Participants from both groups were seen after every 3 months for every 12 months and their IOP, best-corrected VA and CMT were measured utilizing the same method/technology. 11 instances had uncomplete informations: 8 topics were lost to follow- up after their 12 month visit 1 topic missed his concluding visit 2 topics passed off ITT analysis: it was an intention-to-treat analysis because all the participants results were analyzed by the groups to which they were originally included. Quality of the survey: Even though it was a RCT, dual masked, placebo controlled survey, but the quality of the survey quality was reduced to due to little figure of participants ( merely 42 per group ) involved in the survey. Even though the survey was able to accomplish its primary purpose, but there was no statistically important difference between the 2 groups ( p = 0.47 ) with regard to some of import primary results including average VA and CMT. Consequences: The survey found that IVTA followed by optical maser intervention is an effectual method to command DME comparison to laser intervention entirely. In order to prove effectivity of IVTA plus optical maser intervention all patients VA, CMT and effects of cataract surgery were measured throughout the whole survey period. At 24 months, 36 % patients ( 15/42 ) of intercession group had addition in logMAR VA of 10 or more letters ; whereas merely 17 % patients treated with optical maser intervention merely had increase in VA of 10 or more letters. Based on logistic arrested development analysis p value of 0.47 was obtained, which which indicates that the odds of accomplishing an betterment of 10 letters or more of best-corrected VA in eyes treated with Aristocort before optical maser is 2.79 times higher ( 95 % assurance interval, 1.01-7.67 ) than in eyes treated with optical maser merely. Throughout the survey period, regular lessening in CMT was besides noticed. Participants of intercession group showed a regular lessening in CMT whereas the IVTA plus optical maser patients showed instant decrease after 3 months. But there was no statistically important difference in average CMT decrease between the intervention groups (P=0.349 ) . To prove if cataract surgery had an impact on VA, consequences of VA collected at baseline were compared with the consequences achieved after 24 months and a p value of 0.86 was achieved, which indicates that cataract surgery did nt hold a important consequence on ocular result. Clinical or practical importance: A ; shy ; A ; shy ; A ; shy ; A ; shy ; A ; shy ; A ; shy ; A ; shy ; A ; shy ; A ; shy ; A ; shy ; A ; shy ; A ; shy ; A ; shy ; A ; shy ; Restrictions: little figure of patients were involved in the survey ( 42 per group ) . Although the survey successfully reached it aim but there was no statistically important difference between the 2 groups One possible beginning of prejudice which influenced the ocular result was high rate of cataract surgery in the IVTA plus optical maser group ( 61 % ) compared with optical maser merely group ( 0 % ) . Approximately 13 % patients were dropped out trough out the survey period. Strengths: the survey is utilizing RCT to apportion patients to either intercession or placebo group in order to avoid prejudice every bit much as possible. The survey is dual cloaked hence topics, research workers and outcome asserors were blind to the survey. Objective results standards was used to apportion topics to their groups every bit good as when consequences were recorded. Sing the P value ( =0.047 ) every bit good as the strengths and failings it is believed that the survey can be used clinically. Over 2 old ages, IVTA plus optical maser intercession has the ability to better vision by dual comparison to laser intervention merely. Even though there were few inauspicious effects associated with IOP and cataract surgery but the research suggests that usage of IVTA followed by optical maser intervention is an effectual intercession to pull off DME in certain eyes, hence to better VA.

Medievel Glass at Corning Museum of Glass Assignment

Medievel Glass at Corning Museum of Glass - Assignment Example . People who do not normally see glass as an artwork will be surprised to know that a museum of glass exists. The medieval glass collection of the Corning Museum of Glass (CMG, 2012a) displays a wide range of glass objects that had decorative and functional purposes during medieval times. After conducting a virtual visit of this museum’s â€Å"Medieval Glass for Popes, Princes and Peasants,† this writer realized how much glass can depict cultural and social beliefs, divisions, and struggles. Glass signifies cultural values and social divisions because its transformation across time depicts social stratification and social transformation. Medieval glass begins somewhere, and its humble beginnings reflect the practical needs and social concerns of its users. A 425-dated olive green glass, a Byzantine Cone Beaker, demonstrates a simple design that reflects its functional purpose (see Figure 1). After the Roman Empire disintegrated, tastes in glass varied. In locations where the Franks lived, simpler shapes and decorative styles were the norm. This Byzantine Cone Beaker is designed for convenience, which suggests how this glass expresses the pragmatic needs of its users. Glass art can be used as a â€Å"medium of learning† of another time and culture (Diffey, 1997, p.27). One can only imagine the working-class drinking their wine in pubs or homes and relaxing enough to forget their troubles. This glass stands for the practical demands of people making a living for survival. Nothing is simple with this simple glass. It is simple because life is hard. Figure 1: A Byzantine Cone Beaker, dating 425-599 Source: Corning Museum of Glass (2012b) The latest example of medieval glass in the exhibit is impressive because of its intricate design that depicts strong social changes and inequalities. A Baroque Ewer (see figure 2), a colorless glass with green tinge and numerous bubbles in color combinations, suggests aesthetic beauty and creativity. The top of the handle has a thumb rest, which is an innovation (CMG, 2012b). It signifies the changing society that demands creativity in its products. Moreover, this ewer has evolved a great deal from initial glass designs because it is multi-colored and intricately formed. Even when these things have simple functions, people craved for more beauty in their everyday objects. This beauty essentially represents their social identity. Their demand for more beautiful things in their lives connotes their need for asserting their social importance. Bourdieu talks about social and economic capital that reinforces social inequality (Dillon, 2010). Only the rich can afford this ewer, and design that is important to them becomes something coveted, and yet to the masses it is unimportant. Nevertheless, glass becomes a unique differentiating tool of their social status. Figure 2: A Baroque Ewer, dating 1550-1600 Source: Corning Museum of Glass (2012b) Glass objects represent a groups’ social status and identities. For instance, figure 3 shows a Behaim Beaker that might have been specifically made for a rich merchant’s daughter’s wedding. The wedding took place on July 7, 1495; it was the nuptial of Michael Behaim and Katerina Lochnerin, the daughter of a rich merchant, whose company monopolized the trade between Nuremberg and Venice (CMG, 2012b). This object shows that even the simplest things say something about the owner and his/her culture and society. The name Behaim Beaker belongs to a prominent family and its drawings of saints, birds, and helmets signify pow er. These are objects that help conceive self-identity with â€Å"images [that] shape an individual self-concept† (Freedman, 2003, p.2). It demonstrates power and majesty in

Job Analysis; Descriptions and Specifications Case Study

Job Analysis; Descriptions and Specifications - Case Study Example Job analysis can be conducted using qualitative tools such as interviews with existing clients or quantitative tools such as surveys or comparison to similar job roles in the competitive job market at other companies. Once parameters of the skills and knowledge needed to perform a job have been identified, it becomes easier for HR professionals to determine new pay categories that are competitive or directly in-line with job role function. New performance appraisals can also be developed to help human resources track performance of the employee in this job to determine whether goals are being met based on research findings. The entire process can be research intensive, however it helps leadership understand each job role and have a form of documentation available that helps the business identify with strengths or weaknesses of the job or how to better allocate resources if redundancies between job roles are identified. After conducting research, the skills, knowledge and abilities needed to successfully perform the job are documented. This could include educational credentials or the mental and physical needs of the job, depending on the environment and the complexity of the role. For example, research might indicate that typing speed of at least 60 words per minute is required to manage multi-tasking activities in the job, therefore the new job description will indicate that interviewers should be looking for people with high manual dexterity and speed. Either through observation, interviews or other measurement tools, the description is designed to best fit what has been discovered about the skills needed to accomplish the job tasks successfully. Pay grades are then determined based on what has been identified related to skills and the job role. Job analysis would also determine whether performance goals are being met properly based on research

Debate on a GP Fee Policy

Debate on a GP Fee Policy Essay Question: What do you think about the prospect of a $5 fee to see a GP? The topic of a $5 patient co-payment for GP visits is an ongoing debate that is currently being argued from individuals to health care providers. Under this proposal, pensioners and concession card holders are exempted, and families are allowed 12 bulk billed visits before co-payment applies. So, why would the government slug patients with a $5 co-payment for GP visits? The Australian Centre for Health Research (ACHR, 2013) claims that by implementing this proposal, the government would save an approximate $750 million over 4 years and that the co-payment proposal would: Reduce avoidable demand for GP services Reduce incentives for GPs to over-service Remind people GPs are not free Reduce moral hazard risk by making people consider visiting a GP for minor ailments Remind people that maintaining good health is an individual’s responsibility However in order to take a stance, it is important to first understand Health. Should Health be a right, or is it a privilege? If Health is a privilege, health insurance would only support emergencies and not day-to-day healthcare maintenance, which would be detrimental to those in financial hardship (J L. Marshall, 2011). Hence, Health should be a right, a right â€Å"based on need and not the ability to pay†, where everyone can have equal accessibility and treatment to health care, which is why the $5 co-payment should not proceed (Public Health Association Australia, 2011). Expenditures and efficiency So why does the government intend to cut expenses from the health sector through a co-payment? Are we spending too much? According to the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare AIHW (2013), total health care expenditure in 2011-2012 amounted to $140.2 billion, which is 7.6% higher compared to the previous year (AIHW, 2013). Since GP visits are covered by Medicare, which is funded by the Government and through a levy, GP visits would be included in this $140.2 billion. However, it was reported that the total Medicare expenditure was $16.3 billion in 2010-2011, â€Å"total† meaning that it included GP visit along with various services covered by Medicare Benefits Schedule – MBS (Australian Government – Department of Human Resources, 2011). Thus, it is reasonable to consider that Medicare is only a small portion of the total expenditure. According to The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), Australia’s health expenditure stands at $3800 per person, which is 8.9% of the Gross Domestic Product – GDP. In comparison, USA’s health expenditure per capita was $8508 per person, or 17.7% of GDP. Does this perhaps mean that life expectancy in USA is better due to the extra cost to health care? This does not seem to be the case, but rather statistics demonstrates that the highly privatised health care system is inefficient as shown in Figure 1. From Figure 1, by comparing USA to Australia or Canada, it shows that USA has a slightly lower life expectancy, but the health spending is almost double the figures of Australia and Canada’s. It should be noted that both Australia and Canada have universal health care systems in contrast to the privatised health care in USA. Given that a privatised system is evidently less efficient but yet costs more for individuals, would it then be wise to implement the co-payment, a move seen by many as a means to slowly â€Å"dismantle† Medicare (C King, 2014)? According to Catherine King (2014), the government would reduce expenditure for healthcare by means testing Medicare, but Australians will have to carry the tab. Means testing access to primary healthcare will lead to greater privatisation, which will restrict access to GPs for most Australians, more so on older people, the vulnerable ones in our population and families with children (C King, 2014). King (2014) states that â€Å"GPs are the cheapest within health systems, experts at diagnosis and able to detect potential health issues in their infancy†. Thus, if GPs are restricted, people would end up in hospitals, the expensive side of the health care system, increasing the expenditure rather than saving. Reduce avoidable demand for GP services Besides the intention of cutting costs for health care, one of the reasons provided by the ACHR for the co-payment proposal was to reduce avoidable demand (over usage) of GP services. However, the solution to this issue would not be to introduce a $5 co-payment for GP visits, as there are concerns that the co-payment would â€Å"jeopardise equitable access to clinically appropriate healthcare† (J Swan, 2013). This can be explained with a few questions by considering the targeted audience and the effects of the solution: According to J Swan’s article â€Å"John Glover voices fears GP fee will make poor suffer† (2013), Professor Glover, who led Australias most detailed analysis on the relationship between a persons wealth and their willingness to visit a doctor, states that there is â€Å"very strong† evidence that poorer people are already under using healthcare in proportion to their level of illness. Through his analysis, it is shown that only 5% of residents who lives among Sydney’s wealthiest neighbourhoods – Mosman, Woollahra and Hunters Hill, claimed they had delayed medical consultation due to financial issues. In contrast to less wealthy areas, Penrith had 13.5%; Nambour 23.4% and Ballarat had 17.9% residents claiming they would delay visiting doctors due to cost. From these statistics, it is clear that the poor would be most affected. John Glover, director of the public health information development unit at the University of Adelaide describes that the $5 co-payment for doctor visits would â€Å"discourage the wrong group of people from visiting the doctor while doing nothing to dissuade those who are already over using GP services† (J Swan, 2013). The co-payment would cause those likely to get seriously ill to unreasonably avoid preventative care which is a step towards reducing what we have as a universal healthcare system privatisiation (J Swan, 2013). Disadvantage to certain group of people (delay seeking medical help) Would the $5 co-payment disadvantage certain groups of people? The co-payment would have dangerous consequences for the poorest and sickest This then comes down to the issue of cost and equity. Health Program director of Grattan Institute, Stephen Duckett states that â€Å"In the healthcare system theres a trade-off between costs and equity, the government might save money in the short-term at the cost of equity, but Emergency departments would soon fill up with patients delaying to visit GPs† (J Swan, 2013). Clogging up ED (caused by delay in seeking aid from primary health care) Potentially preventable hospitalisations (PPH) have been defined as those hospitalisations which could have been avoided with access to quality primary care and preventative care. Rates of PPH for selected conditions, such as chronic conditions and vaccine preventable conditions are being used nationally and internationally as an indirect measure of problems with access to care and effective primary care. In contrast it is well established that hospital admissions can be prevented by primary care. Australian data show that there are around 33 hospitalisations per 1000 people per year or 10% of hospitalisations could be prevented by effective primary care5. These primary care preventable hospital admissions are increasing in recent years. The ACHR report suggests that the introduction of a co-payment will reduce all GP attendances, both those regarded as necessary, and those that are perceived as unnecessary1. There are inadequate data to know how this will affect hospital admissions. However, the co-payment may increase rather than reduce overall government health expenditure. I support the reasoning provided by ACHR for the introduction of co-payment to remind people that maintaining good health is an individual’s responsibility, which requires investments in comprehensive primary health care (Public Health Association Australia (2011). I also support the overall aim that health care expenditures must be properly managed, to ensure an accessible, equitable, safe, effective and efficient health service provision (Public Health Association Australia, 2011). However, introducing co-payments for GP visits is just one of many solutions available to reduce Health expenditures. Is it a good solution for the reasons provided by ACHR? In my opinion, I do not think it is a good solution. The co-payment would disadvantage the poor, ill and families with children greatly. It is an inefficient method not only to increase health care funding, but ineffective mechanism for reducing demand. The introduction of a co-payment for GP visits is a regressive move toward s a privatised system. Given that a privatised system has been shown to be inefficient, â€Å"means testing and privatisation would only spell the end of Medicare and it’s not how the government should manage health expenditure† (C King, 2014). It is my belief that this proposal has been inadequately investigated and more research would reveal better options to constrain health expenditure while encouraging individual responsibility for health. If further investigation are to be carried out, I would strongly recommend the government look into the management of successful countries with universal health care system such as Canada; or they could make slight adjustments to the Medicare levy, which would help increase health funding as well. References: Jonathan Swan (2013, December 31). â€Å"John Glover voices fears GP fee will make poor suffer†. Retrieved 13 March 2014, from http://www.smh.com.au/federal-politics/political-news/john-glover-voices-fears-gp-fee-will-make-poor-suffer-20131231-304go.html#ixzz2p8w8aZ3vAs Australian Centre for Health Research (2013, October 18). â€Å"A PROPOSAL FOR AFFORDABLE COST SHARING FOR GP SERVICES FUNDED BY MEDICARE† Retrieved March 18, 2014, from http://www.cormorant.net.au/images/18%20oct%202013%20achr%20gp%20copayment%20paper%20final.pdf Sue Dunlevy (2013, December 29). â€Å"Health groups fear $5 GP will hit hospital emergency departments†. News Corp Australia Network. Retrieved 18 March 2014, from http://www.news.com.au/lifestyle/health/health-groups-fear-5-gp-fee-will-hit-hospital-emergency-departments/story-fneuz9ev-1226791543887 John L. Marshall (2011, February 3). â€Å"Is Healthcare a Right or a Privilege?†. Retrieved 20 March 2014, from http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/736705 Public Health Association Australia (2011, September). â€Å"Policy-at-a-glance – Primary Health Care Policy†. Retrieved 20 March 2014, from http://www.phaa.net.au/policyStatementsInterim.php#p Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (AIHW, 2013). â€Å"Health expenditure Australia 2011–12†. Health and welfare expenditure series no. 50. Cat. no. HWE 59. Canberra: AIHW. Australian Government – Department of Human Resources (2011, July 8). â€Å"Medicare Australia Annual Report 2010-11†. Retrieved 25 March 2014, from http://www.humanservices.gov.au/spw/corporate/publications-and-resources/annual-report/resources/1011/medicare-australia-annual-report-2010-11-full-report.pdf OECD (2013). â€Å"Health at a Glance 2013: OECD Indicators†. OECD Publishing. Retrieved 5 April 2014, from http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/health_glance-2013-en Catherine King (2014, February 24). â€Å"GP co-payment would man the end of Medicare†. Retrieved 7 April 2014, from http://www.alp.org.au/gp_co_payment_would_mean_the_end_of_medicare What are the equity arguments against the proposal? Unfair to poor and frequently ill people What are the literatures from overseas on this topic? Supporting evidence: University of Adelaide expert on health inequality Professor John Glover Report: The cost of care One in seven Australians has delayed seeking medical help because of cost, with Queenslanders more than twice as likely to find cost a barrier than people in NSW. Increased Ambulatory Care Copayments and Hospitalizations among the Elderly Amal N. Trivedi (M.D., M.P.H) increasing the patients share of the cost for ambulatory care may not reduce (or may even increase) total health care spending and may result in worse health outcomes. Elderly patients may be particularly sensitive to cost sharing because they have lower incomes, are more likely to be in poor health, and have greater out-of-pocket spending on health care than nonelderly populations In conclusion, increasing copayments for ambulatory care reduced the use of outpatient care among elderly enrollees in managed-care plans, but this decline was offset by an increase in hospitalizations, particularly among enrollees with low socioeconomic status and those with chronic disease. Increasing copayments for ambulatory care among elderly patients may have adverse health consequences and may increase spending for health care. http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/nejmsa0904533#t=articleTop accessed date 13/3/2014 intro (250) para 1 (650) para 2 (650) para 3 (650) conclu (350) (2550)

Aggressive Behavior Equals Man :: essays research papers

Aggressive Behavior Equals Many Rewards A little boy in Eastern Oklahoma is riding a bicycle for the first time, when suddenly he falls to the ground. His father running behind him tells him to get up and not to cry. A little girl from the same city is playing on the playground at school; she falls out of the swing and scraps her knee. She cries for hours, while her mother tells her, â€Å"It will be okay.† From the time little boys are young they are taught to be tough, to withstand pain, and not to give in to anything. In today’s society males are rewarded for aggressive and intimidating behavior. Intimidation takes place in many aspects of life, even though it is not always caused by aggressive behavior. Athletic events always seem to reward males for aggressive and intimidating behavior. Football games are a great example of the kinds of rewards males receive for their aggressiveness. Coaches teach their players to be physical and tough, but two of the essential elements of football are aggressiveness and intimidation. Football is an aggressive sport in many ways; a ball carrier must attack the line of scrimmage aggressively, or he will be tackled in the backfield. Defensive players must be aggressive also, so that they can make tackles. Basketball is another athletic event that rewards aggressive behavior. Although basketball seems harmless, it is a sport that requires a tremendous amount of aggressive behavior. When I was younger, before basketball game I would always get a pep talk from my dad. He would tell me to be aggressive and to take the ball inside. He always told me to play tough, work hard for rebound, play good defense, and when somebody came into the paint make them pay for it. Our basketball coaches in junior high taught us that when a player came inside the paint, knock them down and next time they would not be as eager to take the ball inside on us. When we would exhibit this behavior we would be rewarded with a pat on the back, a high five, and sometimes even a water break. It seems like every time the television is turned on, there are at least three wrestling programs going on at once. At one time, wrestling was on the television only once a week, but now it is on three or four times a week.

Promoting the Integration of Therapeutic Touch in Nursing Practice Essay

1. Describe the patient group in the study. English speaking adults with Dx of cancer expected to be on the unit the day following the intervention, whose medical conditions did not preclude their ability to comfortably receive TT or participate in the interview, and were able to give informed consent; 34 patient-participants completed the research process (16 women and 18 men), age range of 22 to 77 with an average age of 52 years 2. What was their health problem? Bone marrow transplant Patients. The focus of the study? Explore the experiences of nurses and patients on an inpatient oncology and bone marrow transplant unit when nurses had time preserved for exclusive offering of TT. 3. Who was providing the care? Two staff nurse-interventionists who were experienced and participated in TT education, and three nurse-interviewers who discussed the TT intervention with patient-participants the day following TT treatment. 4. What was the setting for the care? The study was conducted in an academic medical center on a 26 bed hematology/oncology in patient unit with bone marrow transplantation program. 5. What were the findings? 1) TT is a vehicle for comfort, caring, and presence that creates possibility and healing 2) TT invites a shift from disease-state focus to personhood focus that is freeing and reawakens the essence of nursing 3)TT is an intervention that illuminates the transformative power of nursing theory-research-practice. 6. What were the recommendations? Having a complementary nursing strategy, such as TT, that allows nurses an additional way to offering care that facilitates comfort, assists with anxiety reduction, and enhances sleep is of major significance. 7. How practical/useful is this information to a practicing nurse? I am not sure how practical TT is. First, you would have to have additional staff to allow for the time to educate seasoned nurses in TT and then to perform TT on the patients. You would also have to have the support of the administrative staff. However, I do believe that laying on of hands is an effective therapeutic tool. 8. What I wonder is†¦.. would there be a similar outcome in other specialty areas that patients have not had the opportunity to establish a trusting relationship with the nursing staff prior to TT.

A Literary Criticism of The Three Little Pigs Through a...

Every enduring object or idea lasts because ordinary people focused on their goal and ignored the temptation of taking the easy path that leads to failure. History illustrates that great feats require arduous labor and wise preparation. During World War II, the Allies attacked a less than fully prepared German defense in Normandy on D-Day, which became a foothold in Europe for the Allies. The Chinese spent over 1,700 years developing the 3,700 mile-long Great Wall that successfully protected their country from Mongol invaders. The key difference in the outcomes of these events lies in the determination and preparation of the opposing sides. In the end, the more prepared side exploited the shortcomings of its opposition. Many†¦show more content†¦Welfare beneficiaries receive money given by the Americans who have built their foundations â€Å"on a rock†, the individuals who have lived responsibly and built up a firm foundation and sufficient protection against fi nancial wolves that appear every day. In parallel, the third pig offered his home as a refuge for the foolish pigs because it is the purpose of the wise and fit to protect the weak until they become â€Å"fit† enough to survive and return the service to another. Humanity is destined to continue to grow because each generation will pass on the traits and qualities of its fittest members. Eventually, most people become the third pig by creating a brick house out of their failures. They may have once been the first little pig who focused solely on pleasure and paid the price, or the second little pig who thought he had learned everything but really needed another lesson in humility. People respond to the three pigs because either they have been in the pigs’ position, or they are ready to learn from the pigs’ experience. Everyone faces his own personal â€Å"wolf† that bares its teeth and threatens to blow away his foundation, but â€Å"The Three Little Pigs† offers hard work and determination as a solution to any problem that seems insurmountable. Proper preparation prevents poor performance regardless of the situation, and the three pigs show that sometimes, a poor performance might be the last one. Works Cited Darwin, Charles. The